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No'. 750,899.V PATENTED FEB.2,1904., c. SCHWEIZER.

KILN.

I APPLICATION FILED JULY 9, 19 01.

N0 MODEL.

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KILN.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 9, 1901.

N0 MODEL. 2 SHEETS-$HEET 2.

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PATENT EETCE. v

CHARLES SCHWEIZER, OE MAPLEWOOD, MASSACHUSETTS.

KILNl SPECIFICATION Yforming part of Letters Patent No. 750,899, dated February 2, 1904,

Application filed July 9, 1901. Serial No. 67,687. (No model.)

To a/ZZ whom, t nza/y concern.:

Beit known that I, CHARLES SCHWEIZER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Maplewood, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Kilns; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention consists in a kiln or oven which may be brought rapidly to a maximum of heat with a minimum quantity of fuel under utilization of practically all the heat generated and be rapidly cooled and in which the heat will be evenly distributed, whereby articles farthest from the source of heat will be as well baked as those nearest thereto, all as hereinafter more specifically set forth.

In the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, and in which like letters of reference designate like parts, Figure l is a view in perspective, showing my preferred grate-bar, exhibiting its hollow form and lateral perforations. Fig. 2 is a view in perspective, showing grate-barsassembled in a frame to constitute a grate, exhibiting the air'or draft spaces formed between the bars on their assemblage, into which the lateral perforations open. Fig. 3 is a view in central vertical lateral section, showing the general interior appearance of the kiln looking from front 'to rear, exhibiting the furnaces opening into flues along the sides and bottom of the oven proper, which hasshelves or compartments, the side flues opening at its top, where deectors from them distribute the hot products of combustion over the whole top on their way to the chimney at the middle and in dotted lines a vertical partition in a ue at the rear, branched to deflect the'products outward. Fig. i is a view in horizontal section taken on the line .fc 5c of E ig. 3 and looking upward, the structure being in the same relative position in each gure, showing the arrangement of the oven proper, the flues, and the furnaces, exhibiting the furnaces in divisions, each division opening into a vertical flue against the side of the oven, connecting with a horizontal flue across the bottom of the oven, directly opposite divisions discharging oppositely into adjacent flues,-and exhibiting a door to the oven proper. Fig. 5 is a view in vertical cross that is, anteroposterior-section, taken just to the right of the vertical partition in the rear flue, showing the interior of the structure looking in from one side, exhibiting the flues across the bottom of the oven proper, the flue at the rea-Land the deliectors at the top, the oven proper provided with shelves or compartments; and Fig. 6 is a View in horizontal section of the structure, taken on the line y y of Fig. 3 and looking downward, showing the relation of parts above, exhibiting the upper ends of the vertical flues, the deflectors over the top of the oven proper, and the movable covers of the furnaces.

In many operations of a kiln, such as in decorating china or making stained glass for memorial windows, the kiln has to be heated up quickly and well and at the proper time readily have its hea't stopped or be quickly cooled in order that as the colors begin to flow they may not run together.

Referring to the drawings, a indicates a hollow or chambered open-ended laterally-perforated grate bar of refractory material so placed and held, with others .of its kind, in a suitable frame as to leave vertical draftspaces between the bars and permit entrance of air into their chambers at one end,the chambers communicating with the draft-spaces'by the lateral perforations. The grate-bars in the frame constitute a grate. Grates of this construction are placed in furnaces c, of which one is located at each side of a casing d, set out at the sides, at the bottom, at the rear, and at the top from the oven proper, e, leaving space there from the upper part of which the chimney leads, each furnace being in several divisions, with a grate for each division. Taking each division as an independent stove, it has a combustion chamber c2, having a slide-controlled draft-opening c3 in the fueldoor above the grate vand an exit-opening c4 below the grate, these for downdraft, and may have also a slide-controlled draft-opening c5 at the grate and a slide-controlled exit-opening c above the grate, these for updraft, and also have an ash-dump 07 into a door-provided ash-pit, and be provided with an oil-feed c5 for liquid fuel. The combustion-chambers have hinged covers c for ready access and to be able quickly to cool down. This device gives complete combustion and very high heat and may be rapidly cooled.

The space between the casing and the oven at the sides and bottom is divided, respectively, by partitions and e3 into respective Hues .e4 and c5, vertical along the sides and horizontal across the bottom, each cross-Hue e5 on the bottom of the oven opening at each end into a vertical Hue a* on a side of the oven, each cross-Hue, with a vertical Hue at each end, forming one continuous passage. Each furnace-division opens intoffthat is, discharges its hot products of combustion intoa vertical Hue directlyT opposite divisions discharging oppositely into adjacent Hues. Part of the hot products of combustion from a division of the furnace rise to the space at the top of the vertical Hue at that division. Part are drawn down in this Hue, cross the bottom of the oven by the cross-Hue, and rise on the opposite side to the space at the top. As the products of combustion from each furnace strike against a wall of a furnace, they are additionally heated as they pass upward. The rear cross-Hue besides connecting with its vertical Hues opens into a rear Hue e, which has centrally a vertical partition e7, provided with branches es at the top, the partition and branches being to spread the products of combustion and throw them outward, and thus spread the heat and direct it also to the corners at the end. Between the casing and the top of the oven are placed partitions or de- Hectors forming Hues el, into which the vertical Hues e'L open, and by these deHectors or Hues the hot products of combustion are deHected and brought into contact with the entire surface of the top of the oven instead of passing straight to the centrally-placed chimney. The space above the oven is provided at front and rear with ventilators e, by opening which the top of the oven may be quickly cooled. This construction insures thorough, even, and eHicient distribution and application of the heat and similar cooling when desired.

The oven proper, e, is divided by partitions or shelves @12 into compartments to hold the ware under treatment and has a door or doors @13 at the front.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. A kiln for burning' lire-clay goods, comprising inner and outer walls with a space between, combustion-chambers at opposite sides, each combustion-chamber opening into a vertical Hue which opens at its lower end into a horizontal Hue across the bottom of the oven, which horizontal Hue opens into the lower end of a vertical Hue against the furnace on the opposite side, whereby additional heat is given to the products of combustion as they ascend along the sides of the oven, the vertical Hues discharging at or above the top of the oven, all substantially as described.

2. A kiln for burning lire-clay goods, comprising inner and outer walls with a space between, combustion-chambers at opposite sides, each combustion-chamber opening into a vertical Hue which opens at its lower end into a horizontal Hue across the bottom of the oven, which horizontal Hue opens into the lower end of a vertical Hue against the furnace on the opposite side, whereby additional heat is given to the products of combustion as they ascend along the sides of the oven, the vertical Hues discharging at or above the top of the oven, and a vertical Hue at the rear with which the rear horizontal Huercoinmunicates, all substantially as described.

3. In a kiln, the combination with an oven, of combustion-chambers, vertical Hues on the sides of the oven connected with the combustion-chambers and leading therefrom, horizontal Hues beneath the oven to which these vertical Hues lead, vertical Hues opposite the vertical Hues with which the combustion-chambers connect, to which the horizontal Hues lead, and a vertical Hue at the rear of the oven containing a deHecting-partition, the vertical Hues discharging at or above the top of the oven, substantially as and for the purpose described.

4:. The combination of the furnaces, the oven, the vertical Hues on the sides of the oven, and the horizontal Hues on its bottom, of de- Hectors at the upper or discharge ends of the vertical Hues, directing the heat over the top of the oven, and an exit common to all the vertical Hues, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination of the furnaces, the oven, vertical Hues on the sides and at the rear of the oven, and the horizontal Hues on its bottom, of deHectors at the upper or discharge ends of the vertical Hues, directing the heat over the top of the oven, and an exit common to all the vertical Hues, substantially as set forth.

6. In a kiln, the combination with the oven,- of furnaces arranged at opposite sides of the casing, the furnaces being provided with movable covers and connecting with vertical Hues at the sides of the oven, and horizontal Hues at the bottom thereof, the vertical Hues discharging over the top of the oven, whereby, after the kiln has been highly heated, it may readily be cooled down, substantially as described.

7. The combination of the furnace,the oven, vertical Hues on the sides and at the rear of the oven, and horizontal Hues on its bottom, de-

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fiectors at the upper or discharge ends of the In testimony whereof I affix my signature in vvertical fines and arranged to direct the heat the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

over the top of the oven, an exit common to all the vertical ues, and ventilators arranged CHARLES SCHWEIZER' above the oven at the front and rear, whereby Vitnesses: the top of the oven may be quickly cooled, sub- ALEXANDER B. WILSON, stantially as described. l CALWN S. CARTER. 

